Generally, when a woman reaches puberty, hormonal changes causes breast tissues to increase due to deposit of fat by the growth of the ducts in the breast. Breast is made up of ducts and glands followed by the nipples and the surrounded area is called areola. The milk is produced by the mammary glands and the milk carrying ducts are called Lactiferous ducts. During lactation period (women carrying baby), these lactiferous ducts carry milk to the nipples which causes the size of the breast to increase along with swelling and tenderness.

Causes of Breast Pain
• Pregnancy: While pregnant, everyone will experience tenderness due to hormonal changes.
• Puberty: when women reach puberty, there will be rapid changes in the body development along with beast tenderness.
• Hormonal changes: Due to age factors and maturity level, there will be changes in hormones.
• Breast disease: Breast disease is one of the causes for breast pain. Breast disease occurs due to excess growth of ducts and malfunction of the glands.
• Breastfeeding: Due to excess breastfeeding, pain arises in the breasts.
• Pain due to rashes (Shingles): Rashes occur on the breast dude to some viral infections which cause severe pain.
• Estrogen therapy: Due to malfunctioning of estrogen hormones, the growth and development of body tissues will be in abnormal form, which leads to pain in the breast.
• Chest wall pain: More fat deposit on the chest wall also causes pain in the breast .
• Injury to breast: An injury to the breast can cause the formation of fibrous scar tissue, which causes severe pain in the breast.
• Breast infection: Breast infection causes pain and itching sensation in the breast. Breast infection is caused by the normal bacteria through the entrance of scar or torn skin. This infection can be treated by using medication.
• Breast lump: Breast lump causes pain and sometimes it is treated as breast cancer caused due to hormonal changes.
• Breast cancer: When cancer cells invade lymph vessels of the breast, there will be rapid swelling, inflammation and pain in the breast. Breast cancer causes severe pain.
• Use of improper medications: Due to improper usage of medications also causes pain in breast tissues. So, please get advice from your health provider.
• Angina: Angina is referred as a chest pain caused when the heart muscles does not get enough blood due to fat deposit on the chest wall. Due to this chest pain, there will be
severe breast tissues damage which causes pain.

Causes of Back Pain
• True back pain: This kind of back pain is caused due to poor postures, injuries, weak muscles and misplacement of ligaments and discs. This kind of back pain gets worse if the muscles strain a lot and also due to the over stretching of the ligaments. This kind of back pain is common for all men and women due to some factors like over weight lifting, standing on the feet for more time and doing ligament stretching movements.
• Pelvic Girdle Pain{PGP}: During pregnancy, most women will experience this kind of back pain. This pain arises due to pregnancy and need to be treated differently than other ordinary back pain. A small percent of pregnant women will experience inflammation or pressure from the back due to malfunction of the sciatica nerve. There are some symptoms to be noticed during pregnancy like symphysis pubis dysfunction {SPD}. Dysfunction arises due to pain in the pubic area. It is necessary to consult a doctor if this kind of symptom arises for a long time.

Preventing Back Pain
• Massage: Massage helps in relieving back ache and makes you feel comfort in handling the pregnancy. Gently massage the abdomen muscles, spinal muscles and lower back muscles of your back. Before practicing this activity, please use a trained massage therapist or else take advice form your doctor.
• Walking/Jogging: This is the best exercise preferred by all doctors to be active and fit without any pains and struggles. Doing this activity during your pregnancy helps you stay safe during delivery time. Walking makes your muscles strong enough to handle the delivery situation and more over, it gives relief from your back aches.
• Heat and water: Bathing with warm water allows your muscles to be free from contrast and enables easy movement of all your body muscles without any back aches.
• Stretchable exercises: Yoga is the most preferred stretchable exercise during pregnancy period, as the muscles movement is done freely without any pain. Doing this exercise under proper guidance is suggested .
• Swimming: Swimming allows your body to be fit and active all the time during your pregnancy. This exercise also helps in getting back your original shape after delivery. This exercise gives better result in relieving the back pain for sure.
• Using Support Belt: This kind of supports belts are especially designed for pregnant women in getting relief from back pain.
• Using Pregnant Pillows: Pregnant pillows helps in reducing back pain while sleeping. They give extra support to your tummy .

Miscarriage
Abdomen pain is an early symptom for a miscarriage of the child along with other symptoms like bleeding, menstrual spotting and severe back aches. This kind of symptoms describe the early signs of miscarriage.

Preterm labor
Preterm labor means giving birth to the child without completion of the pregnancy period. Preterm labor is caused due to the occurrence of the symptoms like lower abdomen pain, uterus infection, bleeding and severe back aches.

Placental abruption
Placenta abruption is termed as a serious condition because placenta is separated from the uterus during your pregnancy period. Placenta abruption causes severe bleeding. Along with the bleeding, you may also experience back pain, uterine expansion or uterus contraction. If you are experiencing this, medial attention is required.

Preeclampsia
Preeclampsia is a disorder of pregnancy and it severely causes changes in the blood vessels which effects major organs like brain, liver, kidneys and placenta. Preeclampsia is diagnosed after 20 weeks of pregnancy if the blood and protein level are in high level. Symptoms for preeclampsia are face swelling & swelling of the feet and hands. These symptoms causes you to gain more weight. If you have severe preeclampsia, you may have severe back ache, headache, nausea and also visual disturbances. Please contact your doctor if you have preeclampsia symptoms.

Urinary tract infections
During pregnancy, every women will experience this condition. Symptoms for this conditions are burning sensation along with pain in the bladder and abdomen during urination, including kidney infections. Be sure to consult your doctor if the problem persists too long.

The other reasons for the occurrence of abdominal pain during pregnancy period is due to ligament pain, preeclampsia or placental abruption. Please notice if this symptoms causes
excessive bleeding, be sure to consult your health care provider immediately. Some pregnant women will experience abdominal pain because of kidney stones or due to disease in the gallbladder and also due to pancreatitis. These kind of diseases causes severe abdominal pain which results in surgical operation. While pregnant, most women will experience only mild abdominal pain as it occurs occasionally due to stretching of the uterus because of constipation or gas formation. Ligament pain causes very short and sharp aches on both sides of the abdomen, the pain doesn’t stay for a long time. Relief from ligament pain can be relieved by changing the body position. If the pain continues longer, contact your health care provider for further assistance.

Many pregnant women will experience lower abdominal pain. It is necessary to consult your doctor immediately if you experience severe lower abdominal pain. You health care provider may suggests better precautions to stay safe with your baby.

Treatment Overview for An Ectopic Pregnancy

Expectant Management For An Ectopic Pregnancy: During the early stages, this kind of pregnancy can lead to miscarriage naturally by its own. This is called expectant management. Take blood test regularly to check your human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) level. If the HCG level is zero, then there is no problem. If it is not zero, then go for medication.

Treatment By Medications: For the removal of an ectopic pregnancy, we use anti-cancer drug called Methotrexate. Methotrexate is injected directly into the muscle through Intramuscular Injection, which helps in destroying rapid growing cells in the tubal and stops growth of the embryo. Stopping the growth of cells in the tubal pregnancy prevents the cells from progressing further. The human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) hormone levels are regularly monitored for their decrease in level. If the HCG level becomes zero, then the treatment has been successful in the removal of an ectopic pregnancy.

Treatment By Surgical Operation: If the age of the embryo is more than six weeks, then you may have to go for Laparoscopic surgical operation. This surgical operation is done if the medication doesn’t work in reducing the human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) hormone level and if the HCG Hormone level is higher than 5000. The operation is done by making a small incision (cut) on the lower abdomen and inserting laparoscope tube with a cam in it to locate and remove the ectopic pregnancy. This minor surgical operation removes only the pregnancy and keeps the tube and fertility for future pregnancy. If there is severe damage to the embryo in the fallopian tube, then you may have to go for major surgical operation for the removal of both the pregnancy and the tube.

Going for early diagnosis helps reduce the risk, please conduct your doctors as soon as possible for the proper treatment.

• Urine and Blood Tests: Doctors conduct this test to check for hormonal changes, blood pressure, heart rate, and sugar level for confirming your pregnancy. If the result is negative then there is no pregnancy. If the result is positive about the pregnancy, then you will have to take further tests to confirm that there is an ectopic pregnancy.

Ectopic Pregnancy Tests
• HCG Test: This test is used for confirmation of an ectopic pregnancy by taking the blood sample to measure the hormone level. The name of the hormone is human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), this is present in placenta. Placenta is an organ developed during the pregnancy period. So, after ten days of the fertilization period, we can calculate the hormone levels in the blood and the urine. This hormone level will be increasing every two days for the first trimester (first twelve weeks). So , if there is no increase in the hormone level every two days in the first trimester, then we can determine that there is an ectopic pregnancy.
• Pelvic Test: This test is done by inserting gloved fingers into the vagina to test the abdomen size. This test is helpful in finding painful areas in the abdomen and to know the size of the uterus.
• Ultrasound Test: This test is recommended by the doctors to check for the pregnancy status: to know the age and position of the fetus, to know any birth defects, to know development problems in the growing fetus, and to know the formation of crucial organs. This test can be performed at any stage and you can take this test during the first trimester or during the second trimester depending on your blood report.
• The Ultrasound Test Procedure: Before taking this ultrasound test, make sure to fill the belly with more water. The pregnant woman is laid down on the bed with a polymer gel pasted on the belly. Now,  they will move an electronic probe on the belly to send sound waves. The reflected sound waves are converted into electrical signals through transducer and images are displayed on the screen. During the test, there will be some pressure resting on the belly, due to polymer gel, the pressure will be wet and cold .
• Laparoscopic Test: This is a small surgery to find out if there is an ectopic pregnancy. This test gives you an absolute presence of an ectopic pregnancy and it is done by using an instrument named laparoscope. Generally, they make a small cut in the abdomen to insert this thin instrument to locate the tubal pregnancy. There is a cam attached to the instrument for viewing the internal organs and detecting the tubal pregnancy.
• Culdocentesis: This test is not performed regularly and it is done to check the internal bleeding from vagina. For this, a needle is inserted into the vagina. If there is any leakage of blood or fluid from the vagina, it may lead to the confirmation of an ectopic pregnancy.

Reasons for Ectopic Pregnancy

If the tubal damage is in severe condition because of pelvic inflammatory disease, it will blocked completely. So, the movement of embryo from fallopian tube to the uterus is blocked permanently and the embryo starts growing in the fallopian tube rather then growing in the uterus.

There are symptoms which are commons in both ectopic pregnancy and ordinary pregnancy

• There will be no periods{menstruation}: During the time of pregnancy, there will be no periods, as the fertilization started there will be no release of the hormones.
• Breast enlargement: There will be enlargement of the breast size due to increase in sexual desire and changes in sexual hormonal of the body .
• Vomiting {nausea}: Nausea is nothing but morning sickness, which makes the body uncomfortable during pregnancy. Due to non stability in the body conditions, vomiting occurs frequently. This is the most common symptom for the woman in the first part of the fertilization period.
• Tiredness{Fatigue}: During pregnancy, you will feel tired because of severe hormonal changes in the body. This is the main cause of fatigue and moreover, you have to carry
some additional weight .
• Urination Too Often: Fertilization of the baby grows in the uterus. So, generally there will be some pressure in the bladder which makes you want to visit the bathroom regularly than usual.
• You Will Put On Weight: You will gain weight gradually due to the increase in the food intake and size of the baby.
• Increase In Sexual Desire: Due to dramatic sexual hormonal changes. The body tends to have more sexual desires than before.
• Loosing Consciousness: During pregnancy, it is common to loose consciousness due to increase /decrease of blood pressure or sugar level and heart rate.
• Back Pain: Due to putting on weight, there are chances of getting back pain as the growing weight tends to move to the front side of the body which puts pressure on the back .
• Burning Sensation: Due to hormonal changes in the body, several kinds of acids will be released by the stomach creating a burning sensation in the body.

Additional Symptoms For Ectopic Pregnancies

• Severe pain in Pelvic or lower Abdominal
• Bleeding in Vaginal
• Pelvic and abdominal test cause severe internal pain.
• Due to internal bleeding, causes fainting and dizziness.
• Due to internal bleeding in the abdominal, causes severe shoulder pain.
• Severe pain while urinating
• Movement in the bowel causes severe pain
• Due to decrease in progesterone levels, there will be severe external bleeding.
• There will internal bleeding because of the tubal damage.
• Low back pain

These symptoms are also found in a miscarriage.

Results For Taking Treatment For An Ectopic Pregnancy In Early Stages

• As the early stage, treatment for the removal of an ectopic pregnancy is done by giving an anti-cancer drug Methotrexate, there will be no damage to the fallopian tube and HCG level will be in zero rate.
• You have fifty percent chances of getting natural pregnancy if your Fallopian tube is not severely damaged.
• There is a fifteen percent chance of getting an ectopic pregnancy for the second time after removal of the first ectopic pregnancy due to hormone changes. So, every woman should consult your health provider or gynecologist for having natural pregnancy after removing an ectopic pregnancy in the early stages.

Results For Taking Treatment For An Ectopic Pregnancy In Later Stages

• For later stages of the ectopic pregnancy, there will be going for laparoscope surgery for the removal of pregnancy. If the fallopian is damaged severely, there are chances for removal of the tube .
• If the fallopian tube is removed due to severe rupture of the fallopian tube, then there will be no fertility in the woman .
• The chances of getting third ectopic pregnancy after the second one is 40%.
• The result will be quite discouraging for getting natural pregnancies if the fallopian tube is removed.
• There are less chances for natural pregnancy for a woman carrying second ectopic pregnancy.

The woman faces infertility if the fallopian tube is removed. For this, there is a technique called in-vitro fertilization to bring back the fertility to the woman. This technique helps in fertilizing the embryo outside the body and replaces the fertilized embryo into the womb for further growing purpose.